Authors
1 assistant professor, Department of jurisprudence and Law,
2 Assistant professor,
3 Level 2 student, Qom Seminary, Qom, Iran.
Abstract
Abstract Islamic law prescribes various forms of prayer, including the five daily prayers, Friday prayer, and the Eid prayers of Fitr and Qurban. Each of these prayers has its own rulings, conditions, and designated time, and their performance is either obligatory or recommended for legally accountable individuals. Occasionally, two of these prayers may coincide on the same day. This study examines the jurisprudential implications of the coincidence of Friday prayer with one of the Eid prayers—specifically, when Eid al-Fitr or Eid al-Adha falls on a Friday, raising questions about the legal ruling of this overlap.
Using a descriptive-analytical method, the research shows that jurists across Islamic legal schools have differed on this issue. The majority of Imami and Hanbali scholars hold that one who performs the Eid prayer is no longer obligated to attend Friday prayer—except for the Imam, for whom attendance remains obligatory. In contrast, the Maliki and Hanafi schools maintain that both prayers must be performed, and one does not exempt the other. The Shafi‘i school adopts a nuanced position: if the person who performed the Eid prayer resides in the city, the obligation of Friday prayer remains; however, if they are a Bedouin or rural resident, they are exempt from Friday prayer.
In conclusion, scholars across Islamic schools agree on the continued obligation of Friday prayer and its establishment by the Imam. The point of divergence lies not in the essence of the obligation itself, but in determining which individuals are exempt from attending Friday prayer o.
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