Ibadah Fiqh Doctrines

A Theoretical Analysis of the Wisdom Behind the Legislation of Kaffārah (Expiation) from the Perspective of the Holy Quran

Mahdi Arianfar; Sara shekofteh

Volume 4, Issue 7 , December 2023, Pages 5-30

https://doi.org/10.30513/jwd.2025.6598.1204

Abstract

One of the most important purposes of human creation is worship and servitude, and true worship of God is only possible through compliance with Divine laws and rulings. Out of grace, ... Read More

The Superiority in Collective Ijtihad and Its Role in Council-Based Marja‘iyyah (Religious Authority)

Hassan Bagheriyeh Yazdi; Ali farsimadan; Ahmad Moballeghi; Taha Samiei

Volume 4, Issue 7 , December 2023, Pages 31-50

https://doi.org/10.30513/jwd.2025.7013.1216

Abstract

The Shia Marja‘iyyah (religious authority) as a religious institution, with its ancient political and social power and significant economic resources, has always been a reliable ... Read More The Shia Marja‘iyyah (religious authority) as a religious institution, with its ancient political and social power and significant economic resources, has always been a reliable and promising force in anti-colonial and anti-imperial movements, symbolizing the unity of the Islamic community in defense of Shia identity. Although the Shia Marja‘iyyah originally rested on a simple relationship between the public and religious scholars, today the scope of general religious authority extends beyond purely jurisprudential matters to embrace new concepts such as council-based or consultative Marja‘iyyah in accord with notions of religious governance. According to the theory of council-based Marja‘iyyah, the fundamental component in its realization is the hypothesis of collective superiority (a‘lamiyyat)—that is, the concept of a collectively superior jurist or group of jurists. While there is relative consensus among jurists regarding the identity of the “most learned” who possesses superior interpretative abilities, there remains disagreement concerning which specific characteristics qualify a jurist for superior understanding. In other words, what attributes must the most learned jurist have to derive better religious rulings, and how should these attributes be applied in collective jurisprudential inference under a council-based authority? In essence, this article explores the necessity or non-necessity of superiority (a‘lamiyyat) and its manifestations within collective ijtihad, in the context of council-based Marja‘iyyah. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach and synthesizing theoretical foundations, it identifies characteristics essential for superiority, including jurisprudential, principled, biographical, and topical understanding, memory capacity, and scientific and practical skills. Subsequently, it examines the hypothesis of the non-necessity of superiority within the framework of council-based religious authority

A Reflection on the Popular Opinion Regarding Following the Imam in the Bowing (Ruku’) Position

Reza Poorsedghi; Fahimeh Rouh Elahi; Fahimeh Mowassagh

Volume 4, Issue 7 , December 2023, Pages 51-70

https://doi.org/10.30513/jwd.2025.7026.1217

Abstract

One of the disputed issues in congregational prayer concerns the duty of the follower (ma’mum) when, during bowing (ruku’) behind the Imam, the Imam rises from ruku’ ... Read More

The Impact of Knowledge, Ignorance, and Forgetfulness on the Jurisprudential Rulings Concerning Mīqāt

Reza Hagh panah; Seyed Mohammad Reza Ghasemian

Volume 4, Issue 7 , December 2023, Pages 71-88

https://doi.org/10.30513/jwd.2025.6930.1213

Abstract

OIhram is one of the pillars of Umrah, Hajj al-Tamattu', and the obligatory Hajj. One of the major challenges is the abandonment of Ihram at the Mīqāt due to ignorance or forgetfulness. ... Read More

Critical Analysis of Jurists' Approaches to Narrations Guiding the Expansion of Zakat Cases

Alborz Mohaghegh Garfami

Volume 4, Issue 7 , December 2023, Pages 89-114

https://doi.org/10.30513/jwd.2025.7052.1218

Abstract

Zakat is one of the obligatory acts of worship in Islam, producing various social, economic, and ethical benefits. One of the subsidiary issues relates to the items subject to zakat. ... Read More

The Concept of Contextual Generalization (Itlāq Maqāmī) and Its Impact on Jurisprudential Propositions in Ritual Worship

Hamidreza Maarefi Zanjani Asl; ali saeedifazel

Volume 4, Issue 7 , December 2023, Pages 115-139

https://doi.org/10.30513/jwd.2025.7058.1219

Abstract

One of the types of generalization (itlāq) employed by jurists and principles (usulī) scholars is contextual generalization (itlāq maqāmī), the root of which must be examined in ... Read More

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Volume & Issue: Volume 4, Issue 7, December 2023, Pages 1-139

A Theoretical Analysis of the Wisdom Behind the Legislation of Kaffārah (Expiation) from the Perspective of the Holy Quran

Abstract

The Superiority in Collective Ijtihad and Its Role in Council-Based Marja‘iyyah (Religious Authority)

Abstract

A Reflection on the Popular Opinion Regarding Following the Imam in the Bowing (Ruku’) Position

Abstract

The Impact of Knowledge, Ignorance, and Forgetfulness on the Jurisprudential Rulings Concerning Mīqāt

Abstract

Critical Analysis of Jurists' Approaches to Narrations Guiding the Expansion of Zakat Cases

Abstract

The Concept of Contextual Generalization (Itlāq Maqāmī) and Its Impact on Jurisprudential Propositions in Ritual Worship

Abstract