نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 پژوهشگر پسادکتری، گروه حقوق، دانشگاه علوم اسلامی رضوی، مشهد، ایران.
2 دانش‌پژوه مقطع سطح 4 رشتۀ فقه خانواده؛ دانشجوی دکتری فقه و حقوق جزا، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
3 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق جزا و جرم‌شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Iʿtikāf, as a devotional rite intertwined with social relations, has consistently raised questions regarding the balance between an individual's religious right and the ruling power's authority. The central challenge of this research is to examine the scope and criteria of the Valī (guardianship) intervention of the Islamic ruler in this practice — specifically, whether such interventions are confined to protective measures and nuisance removal, or extend further within public interests. Employing an analytical-descriptive method and comparative approach across Imamiyyah and the four major Sunni schools, this study critically examines the hypothesis of regulatory and subordinate intervention by the ruler. The findings indicate that while the essential pillars and divinely prescribed (tawqīfī) nature of Iʿtikāf remain immune from guardianship interference, the Islamic ruler possesses authoritative discretion in cases of conflict between individual rights and collective rituals, or in organizing public order — such as designating a central mosque (al-Masjid al-Jāmiʿ), expelling a debtor mutakif, or temporarily suspending the rite under emergencies. These interventions are grounded in principles such as preserving social system (ḥifẓ al-niẓām), preventing harm (qāʿidat nafy al-ḍarar), and prioritizing the more important over the important (al-ahamm wa al-muhimm). The ultimate outcome is a precise distinction between the immutable, tawqīfī rulings of Iʿtikāf and variable governmental contingencies, which may provide a principled framework for articulating the relationship between the jurisprudence of worship (fiqh al-ʿibādāt) and governance (fiqh al-ḥukūmah).
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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