نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 طلبه سطح چهار حوزه علمیه قم، قم، ایران.
2 طلبه سطح سه حوزه علمیه خراسان، مشهد، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
One of the types of generalization (itlāq) employed by jurists and principles (usulī) scholars is contextual generalization (itlāq maqāmī), the root of which must be examined in relation to the speaker’s context. Whenever it is possible through contextual clues to ascertain and confirm the speaker’s state in a manner consistent with their standing, and there is no overriding evidence to the contrary, and moreover, there exists silence from the legislator (shāri') concerning unnoticed qualifications (quyūd maghfūl ʿanhu) among the generality of the legally bound (mukallafīn), this silence indicates an intention to convey the speaker’s objective. This study aims to demonstrate how contextual generalization can influence the jurist responsible for legal deduction in their jurisprudential operations. Using a descriptive-analytical methodology, this research examines the nature and status of contextual generalization, its evidentiary basis, and several of its jurisprudential applications in the chapters of ritual worship (ʿibādāt). It is shown that the principled foundation of contextual generalization leads to conclusions such as: the non-obligatoriness of intending a specific rank within the ranks of nearness (qurbat) in the prayer intention; the exemption of the khums tax on revenues from forcibly conquered lands (Kharāj al-arāḍī al-maftūḥah al-ʿanwah); and the principle that the commencement of profit acquisition at the start of the khums fiscal year marks the starting point for calculating excess maintenance (mu’ūnah zā’idah). These jurisprudential propositions illustrate some of the cases where contextual generalization significantly impacts both the method of deduction and sometimes the resulting ruling.
کلیدواژهها [English]
)